Every year, we hear about new records being set for air pollution and rising temperatures, placing more people under stress. However, what often goes unnoticed is how these environmental changes affect our health and well-being. For example, both poor air quality and increasing heat can have severe impacts on heart health. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), air pollution is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases such as stroke and ischaemic heart disease.

In an insightful interaction with the OnlyMyHealth team, Dr Sudheer Koganti, an esteemed cardiologist and heart failure specialist at Citizens Specialty Hospital, Hyderabad, delves into the intricate links between environmental factors and cardiovascular health.

Also Read: How Does Climate Change Affect Our Heart Health? Doctor Explains

Impact Of Poor Air Quality On Heart Health

“Exposure to poor air quality, particularly high levels of pollutants like fine particulate matter (PM2.5), ozone, and nitrogen dioxide, can have a detrimental impact on heart health,” says Dr Koganthi, explaining that these pollutants can cause inflammation in the blood vessels, leading to an increased risk of atherosclerosis, heart attacks, and stroke.

He adds that prolonged exposure to polluted air can also elevate blood pressure and contribute to the progression of heart disease, especially in individuals with pre-existing conditions.

In particular, certain pollutants, such as fine particulate matter (PM2.5), carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide, and ozone, are particularly harmful to heart health, the doctor shares, further highlighting that PM2.5, in particular, can penetrate deep into the lungs and bloodstream, leading to inflammation, increased blood pressure, and a higher risk of heart disease.

How Rising Temperatures Affect Heart Health

Several studies have indicated how heat exposure can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and heart attack, especially for certain groups of people.

One study published in the Lancet Planet Health found that for every 1°C increase in temperature, the risk of cardiovascular disease-related mortality rose by 2.1%. This was especially true for stroke and coronary heart disease.

Researchers also found that heatwaves significantly increased the risk of mortality, with women, the elderly, people in tropical climates, and those in lower-middle income countries particularly vulnerable.

Dr Koganti explains, “Extreme heat causes the body to work harder to cool itself, which can strain the heart. This is especially dangerous for those with underlying heart conditions, as it can trigger heart attacks, arrhythmias, and heart failure.”

He adds, “Dehydration and heat exhaustion can also exacerbate cardiovascular issues during high-temperature events.”

Also Read: Silent Heart Attack: Can You Have A Heart Attack And Not Know It?

What People With Pre-Existing Heart Conditions Protect Themselves

If you’re someone who has pre-existing heart conditions or know someone who suffers from the same, here are some measures you can take:

• Stay indoors during peak pollution or extreme heat hours.
• Use air purifiers.
• Stay hydrated
• Remain in cool, air-conditioned environments.
• Avoid strenuous activities outdoors.
• Wear masks to filter pollutants.
• Monitor air quality indexes.
• Avoid areas with heavy traffic.

In addition, Dr Koganti says, “Governments and communities also need to invest in cleaner energy sources, promote green urban spaces, and regulate emissions to improve overall air quality and reduce heat island effects in cities.”

He concludes by emphasising the importance of adopting heart-healthy habits, such as staying active indoors and maintaining a balanced diet.